BT3 Technologies

 

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a non-cytopathic, hepatotropic virus with the potential to trigger a persistent an infection, in the end resulting in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Over the previous 4 many years, the essential ideas of HBV gene expression and replication in addition to the viral and host determinants governing an infection final result have been largely uncovered. Whereas HBV seems to induce little or no innate immune activation, the adaptive immune response mediates each viral clearance in addition to liver illness.

Right here, we evaluation our present information on the immunobiology and pathogenesis of HBV an infection, focusing particularly on the function of CD8⁺ T cells and on a number of current breakthroughs that problem present dogmas.

For instance, we now belief that HBV integration into the host genome typically serves as a related supply of hepatitis B floor antigen (HBsAg) expression throughout persistent an infection, presumably triggering dysfunctional T cell responses and favouring detrimental immunopathology.

Additional, the distinctive haemodynamics and anatomy of the liver – and the modifications they regularly endure throughout illness development to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis – profoundly affect T cell priming, differentiation and performance.

We additionally focus on why therapeutic approaches that restrict the intrahepatic inflammatory processes triggered by HBV-specific T cells may be surprisingly helpful for sufferers with persistent an infection.

 

Schistosomes within the Lung: Immunobiology and Alternative

Schistosome an infection is a serious trigger of worldwide morbidity, significantly in sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, there is no such thing as a efficient vaccine for this main uncared for tropical illness, and re-infection routinely happens after chemotherapeutic therapy. Following invasion by means of the pores and skin, larval schistosomula enter the circulatory system and migrate by means of the lung earlier than maturing to maturity within the mesenteric or urogenital vasculature.

 

Eggs launched from grownup worms can turn out to be trapped in varied tissues, with resultant inflammatory responses resulting in hepato-splenic, intestinal, or urogenital illness – processes which have been extensively studied in recent times.

 

In distinction, though lung pathology can happen in each the acute and persistent phases of schistosomiasis, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary illness are significantly poorly understood. In persistent an infection, egg-mediated fibrosis and vascular destruction can result in the formation of portosystemic shunts by means of which eggs can embolise to the lungs, the place they will set off granulomatous illness.

 

Acute schistosomiasis, or Katayama syndrome, which is primarily evident in non-endemic people, happens throughout pulmonary larval migration, maturation, and preliminary egg-production, typically involving fever and a cough with an accompanying immune cell infiltrate into the lung. Importantly, lung migrating larvae usually are not only a reason for irritation and pathology however are a key goal for future vaccine design.

 

Nevertheless, vaccine efforts are hindered by a restricted understanding of what constitutes a protecting immune response to larvae. On this evaluation, we discover the present understanding of pulmonary immune responses and inflammatory pathology in schistosomiasis, highlighting necessary unanswered questions and areas for future analysis.

Immunobiology and nanotherapeutics of extreme acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a present replace

The emergence of extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) constitutes probably the most important international public well being problem in a century. It has reignited analysis curiosity in coronavirus.

 

• Whereas little info is accessible, analysis is at the moment in progress to comprehensively perceive the overall biology and immune response mechanism in opposition to SARS-CoV-2. The spike proteins (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2 carry out a vital operate in viral an infection institution. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 play a pivotal function in viral entry. “
• Upon viral entry, the launched pro-inflammatory proteins (cytokines and chemokines) trigger the migration of the T cells, monocytes, and macrophages to the an infection web site.
• IFNϒ launched by T cells initiates a loop of pro-inflammatory suggestions. The inflammatory state might additional improve with a rise in immune dysfunction accountable for the an infection’s development.
• A therapy method that stops ACE2-mediated viral entry and reduces inflammatory response is a vital therapeutic intervention technique, and nanomaterials and their conjugates are promising candidates. Nanoparticles can inhibit viral entry and replication.
• Nanomaterials have additionally discovered utility in focused drug supply and likewise in growing a vaccine in opposition to SARS-CoV-2. Right here, we briefly summarize the origin, transmission, and medical options of SARS-CoV-2. We then mentioned the immune response mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.
• Lastly, we additional mentioned nanotechnology’s potentials as an intervention technique in opposition to SARS-CoV-2 an infection. All these understandings will probably be essential in growing therapeutic methods in opposition to SARS-CoV-2.

PD-1 immunobiology in glomerulonephritis and renal cell carcinoma

Background: Programmed cell dying protein (PD)-1 receptors and ligands on immune cells and kidney parenchymal cells assist preserve immunological homeostasis within the kidney. Dysregulated PD-1:PD-L1 binding interactions happen through the pathogenesis of glomerulopathies and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The regulation of those molecules within the kidney is necessary to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies that deal with RCC and should induce glomerulopathies as an hostile occasion.

Strategies: The expression and performance of PD-1 molecules on immune and kidney parenchymal cells had been reviewed within the wholesome kidney, PD-1 immunotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity, glomerulopathies and RCC.

Outcomes: PD-1 and/or its ligands are expressed on kidney macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Vitamin D3, glutathione and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate hypoxic cell indicators concerned within the expression and performance of PD-1 molecules.

These pathways are altered in kidney illness and are linked to the manufacturing of vascular endothelial development issue, erythropoietin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-18, IL-23, and chemokines that bind CXCR3, CXCR4, and/or CXCR7.

These components are differentially produced in glomerulonephritis and RCC and could also be necessary biomarkers in sufferers that obtain PD-1 therapies and/or develop glomerulonephritis as an hostile occasion CONCLUSION: By evaluating the features of the PD-1 axis in glomerulopathies and RCC, we recognized comparable chemokines concerned within the recruitment of immune cells and distinct mediators in T cell differentiation.

 

The expression and performance of PD-1 and PD-1 ligands in diseased tissue and significantly on double-negative T cells and parenchymal kidney cells wants continued exploration. The attainable regulation of the PD-1 axis by vitamin D3, glutathione and/or AMPK cell indicators could also be necessary to kidney illness and the PD-1 immunotherapeutic response.

Genomic DNA - Human Tumor Cell Line: MCF 7
D1255830	Biochain	100 ug	EUR 245

Total Protein - Human Tumor Cell Line: MCF 7
P1255830	Biochain	1 mg	EUR 188

Membrane Protein - Human Tumor Cell Line: MCF 7
P3255830	Biochain	0.1 mg	EUR 270

Paraffin Tissue Section - Human Tumor Cell Line: MCF-7
T2255830	Biochain	5 slides	EUR 238

MCF-7 cells
C0006008	Addexbio	One Frozen vial	EUR 546

Human Mcf-7 Whole Cell Lysate
LYSATE0024	BosterBio	200ug	EUR 180
Description: This cell lysate is prepared from human mcf-7 using Boster's RIPA Lysis Buffer (AR0105) using a standard whole cell lysate protocol. The concentration was determined using the BCA assay process and then diluted using Dithiothreitol (DTT) and a reducing SDS sample loading buffer, heated for 5 minutes at 100˚C.

MCF-7 Human breast cancer, noninvasive cell line: >1x10^10 frozen exosomes
EXOP-100A-1	SBI	50 ug	EUR 409

Human MCF-7 (breast cancer) Cell Nuclear Extract
HCL-2016	Alpha Diagnostics	100ug	EUR 255.6

MCF-7 Nuclear Extract
X12002	EpiGentek	1000 µg	Ask for price

SKOV-3/Luc Cell Line
AKR-232	Cell Biolabs	1 vial	EUR 686.4
Description: SKOV-3/Luc Cell Line stably expresses luciferase and otherwise exhibits the same characteristics of the parental cell line.

MCF 7 Membrane Lysate
XBL-10442	ProSci	0.1 mg	EUR 619.8
Description: MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein lysate was prepared by isolating the membrane protein from whole tissue homogenates using a proprietary technique. The MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell was frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after excision and then stored at -70ºC. The membrane protein is provided in a buffer including HEPES (pH 7.9), MgCl2, KCl, EDTA, Sucrose, Glycerol, sodium deoxycholate, NP-40, and a cocktail of protease inhibitors. For quality control purposes, the isolated MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein pattern on SDS-PAGE gel is shown to be consistent for each lot by visualization with coomassie blue staining. The isolated MCF 7 (Human breast Adenocarcinima) cell membrane protein is then Western analyzed by either GAPDH or β-actin antibody to confirm there is no signal or very weak signal.

MCF-7 Whole Cell Lysate (Human breast adenocarcinoma cells)
MCF7-100	Alpha Diagnostics	100 ug	EUR 196.8

MCF-7 Whole Cell Lysate (Human breast adenocarcinoma cells)
MCF7-50	Alpha Diagnostics	50 ug	EUR 153.6

MCF-7 Nuclear Extract (H2O2)
1642-100	Biovision	each	EUR 248.4

NFAT Reporter (Luc) - Jurkat Cell Line
60621	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 2295
Description: The NFAT Reporter - Jurkat Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of the_x000D_NFAT response element stably integrated into Jurkat cells. This cell line has been validated for_x000D_response to thapsigargin, ionomycin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). It is useful as_x000D_a control cell line for other NFAT reporter cell lines expressing various immune checkpoint_x000D_receptors.

GAL4 Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 Cell Line
60656	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1095
Description: The GAL4 Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell Line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of a multimerized GAL4 upstream activation sequence (UAS) stably integrated into HEK293 cells. The cell line does not contain any exogenous activators of the GAL4 reporter and can be used alongside BPS Cat. #60655 as a control.

STAT5 Reporter (Luc) - Ba/F3 Cell line
79772	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 2275
Description: The STAT5 Reporter (Luc)-Ba/F3 cell line is designed for monitoring STAT5 signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by the STAT5 response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines or growth factors, endogenous STAT5 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.

IRF Reporter (Luc) - THP-1 Cell line
79858	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1810
Description: The Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is designed to study the activation and signaling of Cytosolic DNA Sensors (CDS) in human monocytic cell line THP-1. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by multimerized ISRE (Interferon Stimulated Response Element) located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. _x000D_The cGAS-STING pathway acts to detect cytosolic DNA and induce an immune response. Briefly, upon binding DNA, the protein cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase) triggers reaction of GTP and ATP to form cGAMP. cGAMP binds to STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) which triggers phosphorylation of IRF3 via TBK1. IRF3 can then bind to interferon-stimulated responsive elements (ISRE) in the nucleus and leads to IFN-α/β production. The IRF reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is highly responsive to STING and CDS ligands.

NF-κB Reporter (Luc) - HCT116 Cell Line
60623	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1095
Description: NF- B luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of HCT-116 cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by 4 copies of NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κ B transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene._x000D_The NF- κB-luciferase/HCT-116 cell line is suitable for monitoring the activity of NF-κB signaling in response to stimulants such as the cytokines TNF and IL-1β, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) (i.e. flagellin) or endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules (i.e. NOD1 ligand) (see application references). It is also suitable for establishing cell-based screens for inhibitors that target specific NF-κB stimulating molecules. This cell line can be further modified to allow investigation of downstream NF-κB activities as a result of targeted genetic mutation(s).

NF-κB reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell line
60650	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1365
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc) HEK293 cell line is designed to monitor nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activity. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or agonists of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene. The cell line has been functionally validated in response to human TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17.

Human MCF-7 (breast cancer) Whole Cell Lysate, Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulated
HCL-2014	Alpha Diagnostics	100ug	EUR 255.6

STAT3 Reporter (Luc) - HEK293 Cell line (Puromycin)
79800-P	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 3730
Description: The STAT3 Reporter (Luc)-HEK293 cell line is designed for monitoring STAT3 signal transduction pathway. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by STAT3 response elements located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by cytokines and growth factors, endogenous STAT3 binds to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.

Foxp3 Reporter (Luc) - Jurkat Recombinant Cell Line
60628	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 7645
Description: Human Foxp3 luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of Jurkat T- cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by a human Foxp3 promoter and an enhancer-like conserved noncoding sequence upstream of the Foxp3 promoter.

NF- κB Reporter (Luc) - Raw 264.7 Cell line
79978	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 2045
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-Raw 264.7 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.

NF- κB Reporter (Luc) - THP-1 Cell Line
79645	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1900
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-THP-1 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.

MCF-10A
C0006015	Addexbio	One Frozen vial	EUR 560.4

PAI-1 Reporter (Luc) - Mv1 Lu Cell Line
60544	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 3595
Description: PAI-1 Reporter (Luc)-Mv1 Lu cell line is designed for monitoring transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent regulator of cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, and protein expression._x000D__x000D_PAI-1 Reporter (Luc) -Mv1 Lu cell line contains a firefly luciferase gene under the control of PAI-1 responsive elements stably integrated into Mv1 Lu (NBL-7) cells, showing TGF-β pathway response. This cell line is validated for the TGF-β response to the induction of PAI-1 gene expression through luciferase activity. _x000D_

NF-κB reporter (Luc) - NIH/3T3 Cell line
79469	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1900
Description: The NF-κB reporter (Luc)-NIH/3T3 cell line is designed for monitoring nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathways. It contains a firefly luciferase gene driven by four copies of the NF-κB response element located upstream of the minimal TATA promoter. After activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines or stimulants of lymphokine receptors, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements, inducing transcription of the luciferase reporter gene.

NF-κB Reporter (Luc) - CHO-K1 Cell Line
60622	BPS Bioscience	2 vials	EUR 1095
Description: An NF-κB luciferase reporter construct is stably integrated into the genome of CHO-K1 cells. The firefly luciferase gene is controlled by the NF-κB response element located upstream of the TATA promoter. Following activation by stimulants, endogenous NF-κB transcription factors bind to the DNA response elements to induce transcription of the luciferase gene._x000D_The NF-κB-luciferase / CHO-K1 cell line is suitable for monitoring the activity of NF-κB transcription factor through luminescence readout.). This cell line responds to human cytokine IL-1β, responds moderately to human TNF, and does not respond to human IFN-λ (2 µg/ml). Reducing the amount of serum during incubation period may increase the sensitivity to cytokines. Since CHO-K1 cells do not express endogenous human proteins, this cell line provides an excellent platform to enable exogenous expression of a protein of interest to study its downstream effect on NF-κB signaling.